The Colosseum or Roman Coliseum,
originally the Flavian Amphitheatre (Latin: Amphitheatrum Flavium, Italian Anfiteatro Flavio or Colosseo), is an elliptical amphitheatre in the center of the city of Rome, Italy, the largest ever built in the Roman Empire. It is one of the greatest works of Roman architecture and Roman engineering.
Occupying a site just east of the Roman Forum, its construction started between 70 and 72 AD under the emperor Vespasian and was completed in 80 AD under Titus, with further modifications being made during Domitian's reign (81–96). The name "Amphitheatrum Flavium" derives from both Vespasian's and Titus's family name (Flavius, from the gens Flavia).
Originally capable of seating around 50,000 spectators, the Colosseum was used for gladiatorial contests and public spectacles. As well as the gladiatorial games, other public spectacles were held there, such as mock sea battles, animal hunts, executions, re-enactments of famous battles, and dramas based on Classical mythology. The building ceased to be used for entertainment in the early medieval era. It was later reused for such purposes as housing, workshops, quarters for a religious order, a fortress, a quarry, and a Christian shrine.
Although in the 21st century it is in a ruined condition due to damage caused by earthquakes and stone-robbers, the Colosseum is now an iconic symbol of Imperial Rome. It is one of Rome's most popular tourist attractions and still has close connections with the Roman Catholic Church, as each Good Friday the Pope leads a torchlit "Way of the Cross" procession to the amphitheatre.
The Colosseum is also depicted on the Italian version of the five-cent euro coin.
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Το Amphitheatrum Flavium ή καλύτερα γνωστό με την ονομασία Colosseum (Κολοσσαίο, το Γιγαντιαίο) ήταν ένα αμφιθέατρο στην Ρώμη. Βρίσκεται στη ΝΑ. πλευρά της Ρωμαϊκής Αγοράς (Forum Romanum).
Ιστορία
Το Κολοσσαιο άρχισε να κατασκευάζεται στην εποχή του Βεσπασιανού το 72 μ.Χ., συνεχίστηκε την εποχή του Τίτου και τέλειωσε όταν ήταν αυτοκράτορας ο Δομιτιανός. Ονομαζόταν αμφιθέατρο των Φλαβίων, απ' το όνομα της δυναστείας των αυτοκρατόρων που το έκτισαν. Για να κατασκευαστεί, εργάστηκαν χιλιάδες Ιουδαίοι αιχμάλωτοι που είχαν συλληφθεί από τον Τίτο μετά την καταστροφή των Ιεροσολύμων.
Μπορούσε να χωρέσει 45.000 θεατές και είχε σχήμα έλλειψης με περιφέρεια 524 μέτρων. Το ύφος του έφτανε τα 48 μέτρα και είχε 4 ορόφους. Από αυτούς, οι τρεις πρώτοι είχαν αψίδες και ο 4ος 40 παράθυρα. Πάνω από τον 4ο όροφο υπήρχε στοά. Το εσωτερικό του Κολοσσαίου ήταν χωρισμένο σε κερκίδες, ενώ στο κέντρο του είχε κονίστρα που χωριζόταν από τις κερκίδες με ένα ψηλό βάθρο. Κάτω από την κονίστρα βρίσκονταν τα υπόγεια. Το Κολοσσαίο έμεινε θρυλικό ως το κέντρο των αιμοχαρών θεαμάτων που απολάμβανε η ρωμαϊκή αυλή στην εποχή της παρακμής της. Η ορχηστρα είχε διαμορφωθει κατάλληλα για να πραγματοποιούνται ναυμαχίες, μονομαχίες καιθηριομαχίεςτοις οποιες χρηματοδωτουσαν οι Ρωμαιοι αυτοκράτορες. Έκεί γινονταν επισης μαρτύρια χριστιανών.
Tuesday, October 28, 2008
Rome, Colosseo ....Ρώμη Κολοσσαίο
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